Yamuna River — Local services in Uttar Pradesh

The Yamuna (Hindustani: pronounced [jəmʊnaː]), also known as the Jumna or Jamna (not to be mistaken with the Jamuna of Bangladesh), is the second largest tributary river of the Ganges (Ganga) and the longest tributary in India. Originating from the Yamunotri Glacier at a height of 6,387 metres (20,955 ft) on the southwestern slopes of Banderpooch peaks of the Lower Himalaya in Uttarakhand, it travels a total length of 1,376 kilometres (855 mi) and has a drainage system of 366,223 square kilometres (141,399 sq mi), 40.2% of the entire Ganges Basin. It merges with the Ganges at Triveni Sangam, Prayagraj (Prayagraj), which is a site of the Kumbh Mela, a Hindu festival held every 12 years. It crosses several states: Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, passing by Uttarakhand and later Delhi, and meeting its tributaries on the way, including Tons, its largest tributary, Chambal, its longest tributary which has its own large basin, followed by Sindh, the Betwa, and Ken. From Uttaranchal, the river flows into the state of Himachal Pradesh. After passing Paonta Sahib, Yamuna flows along the boundary of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh and after exiting Haryana it continues to flow till it merges with the river Ganga (Ganges) at Sangam or Prayag in Allahbad (Uttar Pradesh). It helps create the highly fertile alluvial Yamuna-Ganges Doab region between itself and the Ganges in the Indo-Gangetic plain. Nearly 57 million people depend on the Yamuna's waters. With an annual flow of about 10,000 cubic billion metres (cbm; 8.1 billion acre⋅ft) and usage of 4,400 cbm (of which irrigation constitutes 96 per cent), the river accounts for more than 70 per cent of Delhi's water supply. Like the Ganges, the Yamuna is highly venerated in Hinduismand worshipped as the goddess Yamuna. In Hindu mythology she is the daughter of the Sun Deva, Surya, and the sister of Yama, the Deva of Death, hence also known as Yami. According to popular legends, bathing in its sacred waters frees one from the torments of death. At the Hathni Kund Barrage, its waters are diverted into two large canals: the Western Yamuna Canal flowing towards Haryana and the Eastern Yamuna Canal towards Uttar Pradesh. Beyond that point the Yamuna is joined only by the Somb, a seasonal rivulet from Haryana, and by the highly polluted Hindon Rivernear Noida, so that it continues only as a trickling sewage-bearing drain before joining the Chambal at Pachnada in the Etawah District of Uttar Pradesh. The water of Yamuna is of "reasonably good quality" through its length from Yamunotri in the Himalayas to Wazirabad barrage in Delhi, about 375 kilometres (233 mi); below this, the discharge of wastewater through 15 drains between Wazirabad barrage and Okhla barrage renders the river severely polluted. One official described the river as a "sewage drain" with biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) values ranging from 14 to 28 mg/l and high coliformcontent. There are three main sources of pollution in the river: household and municipal disposal sites, soil erosion resulting from deforestation occurring to make way for agriculture, and resulting chemical wash-off from fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides and run-off from commercial activity and industrial sites. The Yamuna from its origin at Yamunotri to Okhla barrage is called the...

known as the Jumna, (not to be mistaken with the Jamuna of Bangladesh) is the longest and the second largest tributary river of the Ganges (Ganga) in northern India. Originating from the Yamunotri Glacier at a height of 6,387 metres on the south western slopes of Banderpooch peaks in the uppermost region of the Lower Himalaya in Uttarakhand, it travels a total length of 1,376 kilometres (855 mi) and has a drainage system of 366,223 square kilometres (141,399 sq mi), 40.2% of the entire Ganges Basin, before merging with the Ganges at Triveni Sangam, Allahabad, the site for the Kumbha Mela every twelve years. It is the longest river in India which does not directly flow to the sea.It crosses several states, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, passing by Uttarakhand and later Delhi, and meets its tributaries on the way, including Tons, its largest tributary in Uttarakhand, Chambal, its longest tributary which has its own large basin, followed by Sindh, the Betwa, and Ken. Most importantly it creates the highly fertile alluvial, Yamuna-Ganges Doab region between itself and the Ganges in the Indo-Gangetic plain. Nearly 57 million people depend on the Yamuna waters. With an annual flow of about 10,000 cubic billion metres (cbm) and usage of 4,400 cbm (of which irrigation constitutes 96 per cent), the river accounts for more than 70 per cent of Delhi’s water supplies. Just like the Ganges, the Yamuna too is highly venerated in Hinduism and worshipped as goddess Yamuna, throughout its course. In Hindu mythology, she is the daughter of Sun God, Surya, and sister of Yama, the God of Death, hence also known as Yami and according to popular legends, bathing in its sacred waters frees one from the torments of death.2

At the Hathni Kund Barrage its waters are diverted into two large canals: the Western Yamuna Canal flowing towards Haryana and the Eastern Yamuna Canal towards Uttar Pradesh. Beyond that point the Yamuna is joined only by the Somb, a seasonal rivulet from Haryana, and the highly polluted Hindon River near Noida, so that it continues only as a trickling sewage-bearing drain before joining the Chambal at Pachnada in the Etawah District of Uttar Pradesh.[4] The water of Yamuna is of "reasonably good quality" through its length from Yamunotri in the Himalayas to Wazirabad barrage in Delhi, about 375 kilometres (233 mi), where the discharge of waste water through 15 drains between Wazirabad barrage and Okhla barrage renders the river severely polluted after Wazirabad. One official describes the river as a "sewage drain" with biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) values ranging from 14 to 28 mg/l and high coliform content.[5] There are three main sources of pollution in the river, namely households and municipal disposal sites, soil erosion resulting from deforestation occurring to make way for agriculture along with resulting chemical wash-off from fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides and run-off from commercial activity and industrial sites. The Yamuna, from its origin at Yamunotri to Okhla barrage, is called...

Yamuna River is India’s fifth longest river. Over the past several centuries, the river has been the important part of culture in India. It has been the major source of daily bread and butter for millions of Indians. In pursuit of spiritual significance, Yamuna has been venerated with great hope for many. Currently, the river is more in the headlines for being the most polluted river in India for all bad reasons. The source of Yamuna River is frozen Champasar Lake in Banderpooch Glacier located at the altitude of 6387m in Har-Ki-Doon hilly ranges of Uttarkashi located in Uttarakhand. It runs through widest range of forested and snow-capped valleys in Himalayas before getting into the Indo-Gangetic North Indian plains. After flowing for 1376km, the river merges into the Ganges in Allahabad. Sacred Places Located along Yamuna River

Yamuna River is believed to be originated from Yamunotri Shrine. It is listed as one of the four major pilgrimage places or Char Dhaam in Uttarakhand. It greets thousands of pilgrims from different parts of the world every year.

Yamunotri is known to be the first shrine to be visited on this pilgrimage site. Whole Valley of Yamuna River is loaded with several sacred shrines as well as mythological sites that are devoted to legends and saints of ancient era. River Yamuna is among the most popular rivers in North India. It is around 1370km long. Yamuna River is also called as River Jamuna. Yamuna River flows in south way along the Himalayan Mountains on the plains of North India, and it traverses through a lot of valleys for around 200km along the border of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.

Yamuna River traverses along various states like Delhi, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh, before it merges in Allahabad with River Ganga. Cities like Mathura and Agra are located along its banks. Yamuna River is believed to be originated at Yamunotri in Himalayan regions of Uttarakhand, positioned at the north of Haridwar located at the altitude of around 6387m over the sea level.

Cities like Noida, Mathura, Allahabad, Hamirpur, Delhi, Baghpat, Kalpi, Etawah, and Agra are located on its banks. The source of Yamuna River, Yamunotri also forms the Goddess Yamuna seat. It is supposed to be one of the four Char Dhaam sites in India.

Yamuna River witnesses very light traffic. It shrinks in Agra as a very small stream in summer, partly due to the amount of water removed for domestic consumption and irrigation by the canals.

However, the river has been one of the most polluted rivers in India. Most of its course passes through very densely populated locations where most number of sewages has been discharged on it. With financial support from Japan in the early 1990s, the Indian government has started Yamuna Action Plan, which is a multi phase project to reduce the pollution levels of the river. Passing from Delhi, Yamuna River feeds the Agra Canal. It passes Agra, Etawah, and Firozabad. It receives a lot of southern tributaries...