The Abbasids led by caliph Al-Ma'mun defeated the Kabul branch of the Turk Shahis in 815 CE, in what was essentially a reaction to Turk Shahi agression: hoping to take advantage of the Great Abbasid Civil War (811-819 AD), the Turk Shahi ruler, named "Pati Dumi" in Arab sources, had invaded parts of Khorasan.3 Following their defeat, the Turk Shahis not only had to convert to Islam but also had to cede key cities and regions.3] Another campaign against the Gandhara branch seems to have followed soon, with the Caliphate reaching the Indus river and imposing a critical defeat.[3] A hefty annual tribute was to be paid in return for sovereignty rights to both territories.[3[f]
Non-debased Spalapati series (Kabul mint) — weighs between 3.1 and 3.5 g with a uniform content of 70% silver. Obverse: Bull with trisula mark on the hump, with Nagari legend: Nagari1035 shrii.jpgNagari1035 spa.jpgNagari1035 l.svgNagari1035 p.svgNagari1035 ti.jpgNagari1035 de.jpgNagari1035 v.svg Śri Spalapatideva "Lord Commander-in-Chief". Reverse: Horseman with Nagari1035 a.svg a in Nagari to left and symbol to right.[1]
The Turk Shahis ended up in a precarious state and c. 822 CE, the last ruler Lagaturman was disposed by one of his ministers, a Brahmin called Kallar.[3] The sole description of events comes from Al-Biruni:[g] Lagatarman's unbecoming manners had apparently led his subjects to lodge multiple complaints with Kallar, who had chanced upon a treasure trove and was rapidly purchasing his way to power.[3] Kallar had the King imprisoned for correction and became the acting regent before usurping the throne permanently.[3] The new "Hindu Shahi" dynasty was thus established in Gandhara and Kabul.[3] The Zabulistan branch of the Turk Shahis (the Zunbils), was unaffected by Al-Ma'mun's raids and continued to rule for about two more decades, before getting embroiled in the conflict to eventual...
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