Jin Mao Tower

The Jin Mao Tower (simplified Chinese: 金茂大厦; traditional Chinese: 金茂大廈; pinyin: Jīnmào Dàshà; Shanghainese: Jinmoh Dusa; literally: "The Golden Prosperity Building"), also known as the Jinmao Building or Jinmao Tower, is an 88-story (93 if counting the floors in the spire) landmark skyscraper in Lujiazui, Pudong, Shanghai, China. It is 420.5 metres (1,380 feet) tall and is one of the tallest buildings in the world. It contains a shopping mall, offices and the Grand Hyatt Shanghai hotel, which at the time of completion was the highest hotel in the world. Along with the Oriental Pearl Tower, the Shanghai World Financial Center and the Shanghai Tower it is part of the Lujiazui skyline seen from the Bund. It was the tallest building in China from its completion in 1999 until 2007, when it was surpassed by the Shanghai World Financial Center which is located close by.[3] The Shanghai Tower, a 121-story building located next to these two buildings, surpassed the height of both these buildings in 2015.[4]

Jin Mao Tower金茂大厦

The Jin Mao Tower in August 2005, with SWFC under construction

General informationStatusCompleteTypeSkyscraper (incl. office, hotel, tourism, & retail)Architectural styleNeo-FuturismLocation88 Century Avenue, Pudong District, Shanghai 200121, ChinaCoordinatesConstruction started1994Completed1999CostUS$530 million (1999)HeightArchitectural420.5 meters (1,380 ft)[1]Tip420.5 meters (1,380 ft)Top floor348.4 meters (1,143 ft)[1]Observatory340.1 meters (1,116 ft)[1]Technical detailsFloor count

88 (+5 spire floors) (+3 basement floors)[1]

(Total: 95 floors)Floor area289,500 m2(3,116,000 sq ft)[1]Lifts/elevators61[1]Design and constructionArchitectAdrian Smith at SOMStructural engineerSOM[1]References[1][2]

StructureEdit

Looking up at the Jin Mao Tower.

The building is located on a 24,000 m2(260,000 sq ft) plot of land near the Lujiazuimetro station and was built at an estimated cost of US$530 million.[citation needed]

It was designed by the Chicago firm of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM). Its postmodern form, whose complexity rises as it ascends, draws on traditional Chinese architecture such as the tiered pagoda, gently stepping back to create a rhythmic pattern as it rises. Like the Petronas Towers in Malaysia, the building's proportions revolve around the number 8, associated with prosperity in Chinese culture. The 88 floors (93 if the spire floors are counted) are divided into 16 segments, each of which is 1/8 shorter than the 16-story base. The tower is built around an octagon-shaped concrete shear wall core surrounded by 8 exterior compositesupercolumns and 8 exterior steel columns. Three sets of 8 two-story high outrigger trusses connect the columns to the core at six of the floors to provide additional support.

The foundations rest on 1,062 high-capacity steel piles driven 83.5 m (274 ft) deep in the ground to compensate for poor upper-strata soil conditions. At the time of construction, these were the longest steel piles ever used for a land-based building. The piles are capped by a 4 m-thick concrete raft 19.6 m (64 ft) underground. The basement's surrounding slurry wall is 1 m thick, 36 m high and 568 m long. It is composed of 20,500 m3(720,000 cu ft) of reinforced concrete.

The building employs an advanced structural engineering system of wind and earthquake engineering which fortify it against typhoonwinds of up to 200 km/h (with the top swaying by a maximum of 75 cm or 30 in) and earthquakes of up to 7 on the Richter scale. The steel shafts have shear joints that act as shock absorbers to cushion the lateral forces imposed by winds and quakes. The swimming pool on the 57th floor is also said to act as a passive damper. The exterior curtain wall is made of glass, stainless steel, aluminum, and granite and is criss-crossed by complex latticework cladding made of aluminum alloy pipes.

The Jin Mao Tower's retail area in the lower floors.