The Alps are a large mountain range in Central Europe. It occurs in many parts of Switzerland, northern Italy and France. It covers almost all of Austria and occupies an important place in the south of Germany. Geographically, it is located between 44°-48° north latitude and 5°-18° east longitude. It has almost the same distance from the equator and the North pole. It covers an area of ​​207,000 km². The Alps include the Apennines that cross Italy, the Dinaric Alps on the coast of Slovenia and Croatia, and the Balkan and Carpathian Mountains. Continuing with the Taurus Mountains in Anatolia at some intervals, it passes to Iran and extends from there to Central Asia.

The Alps are divided into three parts: the Western, Central and Eastern Alps. Among the Western Alpine Ranges, the Maritime, Cotian, Dauphine, Graian and Pennine Alps are important. The Maritime Alps rise along the Riviera coast and the plains of Italy and have peaks of over 3000 meters. The Pennine Mountain Range is the most notable, with a length of around 96 km and some of the most spectacular peaks of the Alps. At its western end, where France and Italy meet, is Mont Blanc Hill. This snow-covered hill is 4810 meters above sea level and is the highest peak in Continental Europe (the part of Europe up to the Balkans). At the other end of the Pennine Alps, Monte Rosa is at an altitude of 4,634 m. The Matterhorn, located on the border of Switzerland and Italy, rises like a knife and reaches 4478 meters.

A branch of the Central Alps is the Bernese Alps on the banks of the Rhine Valley. It has some of the most beautiful peaks in the world such as Finsteraarhorn (4274 m), Aletschhorn (4195 m) and Jungfrau (4158 m). The Pennine and Bernese Alps, located approximately 30 km apart and parallel, form the most important landscapes of Switzerland. Lepontine, Tödei, Glarus, Bernia, Albula and Silvretta are important tributaries of the Central Alps.