Polonnaruwa: The Second Ancient Capital of Sri Lanka
🏛️ History & Significance UNESCO World Heritage Site: Listed in 1982, alongside Anuradhapura, as one of Sri Lanka’s two great ancient capitals. Golden Era: Became the Sinhalese kingdom’s second capital in 993 AD, peaking under King Parakramabahu I (12th century). Rediscovery: Abandoned in the 14th century due to invasions, its ruins were remarkably preserved and later uncovered in the 19th century. 📍 Geography & Layout Location: 216 km northeast of Colombo, 90 km from Anuradhapura. Scale: Stretches 8 km north-south and 2 km east-west, centered around the Parakrama Samudra (24 sq km artificial lake, a marvel of medieval engineering). 🌟 Must-See Attractions Royal Palace Ruins The 7-story palace (now 2 stories remain) with a grand hall (30m x 12.6m) and the Lotus Pond, an octagonal royal bath. Quadrangle (Dalada Maluwa) A sacred Buddhist complex featuring the Vatadage (circular relic house), Stone Book (8m-long inscription), and moonstone carvings. Gal Vihara Iconic rock-carved Buddha statues: A 14m reclining Buddha (nirvana pose) and a rare 7m standing Buddha with a sorrowful expression. Statue of Parakramabahu A 3.5m-tall granite figure by the lake, symbolizing kingship. 🌿 Cultural & Artistic Legacy Buddhist-Hindu Fusion: 12th-century architecture blends Hindu influences, like the Shiva Devale temple alongside Buddhist shrines. Hydraulic Genius: The Parakrama Samudra irrigation system still functions today. 📌 Travel Tips Best Time: November-April (dry season). Transport: From Colombo: 5-hour drive; combine with Anuradhapura (1.5-hour drive). Rent a bike to explore the sprawling site efficiently. Tickets: $25 (includes museum), half-price for children. Stay: Colombo’s Cinnamon Lakeside for transit; local guesthouses near the ruins. #WorldHeritage #AncientRuins #SriLankaTravel