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Gaekwad Haveli โ€” Attraction in Gujarat

Name
Gaekwad Haveli
Description
Gaekwad Haveli is a historical haveli building in Ahmedabad. It was built in 1738. It was used as a seat of Gaekwad during Maratha rule in Ahmedabad. It was later converted into barracks and arsenal under British rule. Later it was used as railway depot and police crime branch headquarters. It was restored in 2014.
Nearby attractions
Jamalpur Darwaja
เคœเคฎเคพเคฒเคชเฅเคฐ เค—เฅ‡เคŸ เคธเคฐเฅเค•เคฒ, Jamalpur, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380001, India
Shri Jagannathji Mandir Trust
2H6J+HCM, O/S Jamalpur Gate, Jamalpur, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380022, India
Riverfront Flower Park
Pujya Pramukh Swami Maharaj Marg, Ellisbridge, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380006, India
Lokmanya Tilak Garden Victoria Garden
2HCH+QR7, Swami Vivekananda Pool, Old City, Lal Darwaja, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380001, India
Shri Bhadrakali Mata Ji Mandir
Bhadra Fort, Bhadra Rd, Old City, Bhadra, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380001, India
Teen Darwaza
Bhadra Fort, Old City, Bhadra, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380001, India
Shahi Jam-e-Masjid LaL Darwaja
2220, National Highway 8A, Lal Darwaja, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380001, India
Magen Abraham Synagogue
2HCM+RJ6, Bawa Latif St, Old City, Dhalgarwad, Khadia, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380001, India
Rani Sipri Ki Masjid
Astodia Gate Cir, near Astodia Darwaja, Old City, Raipur, Khadia, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380001, India
Alif Ki Masjid Bhadra
2HFJ+VXF, Old City, Bhadra, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380001, India
Nearby restaurants
Arabian Hub
Shop no 1, Near Opera guest house, jayshankar sundari hall, Raikhad, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380001, India
Shahealm Restaurant
2H9J+CJW, Bhistiwad, Haweli Road, Raikhad, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380001, India
IQBAL BAKERY
2H9J+8HM, Gaekwad Haveli Rd, Old City, Raikhad, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380001, India
My Tandoor Restaurant
near Al Hilal Restaurant, Gollimda Nadiyawad, Mahajan No Vando, Khamasa, Nadiyawad, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380001, India
New Royal Bakery
Shop No, 1829, Gaekwad Haveli Rd, Old City, Raikhad, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380001, India
Realเช•เชšเซเช›เซ€ Dabeli & Vadapav( OldName :- Karnavati dabeli & vadapav)
Jamalpur Rd, Old City, Jamalpur, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380001, India
Anwar e Hilal Restaurant
4178/1, Nadiawad,Near Nagina Masjid,Gol, Limda Sheri, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380001, India
New Ahmedabad City Bakery
2H8P+P5F, Chhipa wad, opp. Navi Masjid, Old City, Jamalpur, Mahajan No Vando, Khamasa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380001, India
Faruk fry Centre
Nr.Narjivan school khamasa char rasta khamasha road, Ahmedabad, 380001, India
Bera samosa centre
Jamalpur Gate Cir, near Urdu primary school, Old City, Tajpur Panch Pipli, Jamalpur, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380001, India
Nearby local services
Nearby hotels
jรผSTa Diwans Bungalow
1785, Saiyad Wadu, MB Kadri Road, Raikhad II, Opposite Gaikwad Haveli, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380001, India
Hotel O Jamalpur Ahmedabad Formerly Hotel Peace
hotel peace Ashrafi Complex, opposite SARDAR Patel MARKET, Calico Mills, Jamalpur, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380022, India
Charyana Heights
Charyana Heights, Mother Teresa Rd, Old City, Dhalgarwad, Bhadra, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380001, India
Hotel O Geeta Mandir formerly Hotel Green Park
3rd Floor, Akshardham Complex, Bus Stop, near Gita Mandir, opp. Anmol School, Christian Colony, Navyug Colony, Behrampura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380022, India
Hotel The Lead
5-6 floor, akshardham complex, Gita Mandir Rd, Navyug Colony, Behrampura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380022, India
Related posts
Keywords
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Gaekwad Haveli things to do, attractions, restaurants, events info and trip planning
Gaekwad Haveli
IndiaGujaratGaekwad Haveli

Basic Info

Gaekwad Haveli

2H8J+GQ8, Gaikyward haveli, Road, Old City, Tokarsha Pol, Salvi Ni Pol, Raikhad, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380001, India
4.2(913)
Open until 9:00 PM
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Ratings & Description

Info

Gaekwad Haveli is a historical haveli building in Ahmedabad. It was built in 1738. It was used as a seat of Gaekwad during Maratha rule in Ahmedabad. It was later converted into barracks and arsenal under British rule. Later it was used as railway depot and police crime branch headquarters. It was restored in 2014.

Cultural
Family friendly
attractions: Jamalpur Darwaja, Shri Jagannathji Mandir Trust, Riverfront Flower Park, Lokmanya Tilak Garden Victoria Garden, Shri Bhadrakali Mata Ji Mandir, Teen Darwaza, Shahi Jam-e-Masjid LaL Darwaja, Magen Abraham Synagogue, Rani Sipri Ki Masjid, Alif Ki Masjid Bhadra, restaurants: Arabian Hub, Shahealm Restaurant, IQBAL BAKERY, My Tandoor Restaurant, New Royal Bakery, Realเช•เชšเซเช›เซ€ Dabeli & Vadapav( OldName :- Karnavati dabeli & vadapav), Anwar e Hilal Restaurant, New Ahmedabad City Bakery, Faruk fry Centre, Bera samosa centre, local businesses:
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Website
heritage.ahmedabadcity.gov.in
Open hoursSee all hours
Tue10 AM - 9 PMOpen

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Reviews

Live events

[LAUNCH] Ahmedabad Climate Party | Sparking New Collaborations
[LAUNCH] Ahmedabad Climate Party | Sparking New Collaborations
Sat, Jan 17 โ€ข 10:30 AM
iHub Gujarat, Prajna Puram, KCG Campus, opp. PRL, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380015, India
View details

Nearby attractions of Gaekwad Haveli

Jamalpur Darwaja

Shri Jagannathji Mandir Trust

Riverfront Flower Park

Lokmanya Tilak Garden Victoria Garden

Shri Bhadrakali Mata Ji Mandir

Teen Darwaza

Shahi Jam-e-Masjid LaL Darwaja

Magen Abraham Synagogue

Rani Sipri Ki Masjid

Alif Ki Masjid Bhadra

Jamalpur Darwaja

Jamalpur Darwaja

4.4

(1.9K)

Open until 11:30 PM
Click for details
Shri Jagannathji Mandir Trust

Shri Jagannathji Mandir Trust

4.8

(3.5K)

Closed
Click for details
Riverfront Flower Park

Riverfront Flower Park

4.5

(16.8K)

Open until 10:00 PM
Click for details
Lokmanya Tilak Garden Victoria Garden

Lokmanya Tilak Garden Victoria Garden

4.3

(464)

Open until 12:00 AM
Click for details

Nearby restaurants of Gaekwad Haveli

Arabian Hub

Shahealm Restaurant

IQBAL BAKERY

My Tandoor Restaurant

New Royal Bakery

Realเช•เชšเซเช›เซ€ Dabeli & Vadapav( OldName :- Karnavati dabeli & vadapav)

Anwar e Hilal Restaurant

New Ahmedabad City Bakery

Faruk fry Centre

Bera samosa centre

Arabian Hub

Arabian Hub

4.1

(559)

Open until 12:55 AM
Click for details
Shahealm Restaurant

Shahealm Restaurant

4.2

(24)

Open until 11:59 PM
Click for details
IQBAL BAKERY

IQBAL BAKERY

5.0

(5)

Open until 10:00 PM
Click for details
My Tandoor Restaurant

My Tandoor Restaurant

4.4

(662)

Open until 12:00 AM
Click for details
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Posts

Adv. Sanju NakhvaAdv. Sanju Nakhva
The Gaekwad Haveli is a part of the walled city of Ahmedabad. It is located in the south western part of the old city, and the Sabarmati river runs along its western side. It has a rich layering of history, which is, even today, evident in the architecture we see within and around the Haveli. Archival information also shows that it is a potentially high archaeological region, creating scope for the people of Ahmedabad to engage with their diverse heritage. This place was built in 1738. After capturing the Baroda state in 1734 from the badi Nawab, Damjirao Gaekwad went on to expand the boundaries of his state. In a period of early 18th century, the new Mughal viceroy of Gujarat momin khan rattled out ratan singh [who ties with previous viceroy while helping him to kill Damijirao's father] from the state and capture the Ahmedabad. The joint rule was established of Marathas and Mughal, which eventually collapsed, and then gaekwads with the help of marathas took over the control for 5-6 years, then recaputre by Mughals only to surrender thereafter. During the control, the Damjirao rebuilt the old Haveli to Citadel, which had conspired one large wall that enclosed the large area, which was divided into three parts. Currently, the haveliis HQ of the Crime Branch from the year 1968 in whichtge facade was restored in the year 2014 and the watch tower was converted to the police musem.
D PD P
As per my knowledge, it was a royal living area on the bank of Sabarmati river. Now converted in to police living quarters. Area is covered by historical wall.Gaekwad Haveli is a historical haveli building in Ahmedabad. It was built in 1738. It was used as a seat of Gaekwad during Maratha rule in Ahmedabad. It was later converted into baracks and arsenal under British rule. Later it was used as railway depot and police crime branch headquarters. It was restored in 2014.
Fathima SajidFathima Sajid
Gaekwad Haweli in Ahmedabad was built in the 17th century. It was the seat of Gaekwad during the Maratha rule. Later it was used by the British as barracks. Now it is used by the police. The walls of the haveli are still intact and a road runs parallel to it. Certain parts of the haveli are inhabited, as the locals have made it their home. There is no entry fee nor timings to enter the fort.
See more posts
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Find your stay

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The Gaekwad Haveli is a part of the walled city of Ahmedabad. It is located in the south western part of the old city, and the Sabarmati river runs along its western side. It has a rich layering of history, which is, even today, evident in the architecture we see within and around the Haveli. Archival information also shows that it is a potentially high archaeological region, creating scope for the people of Ahmedabad to engage with their diverse heritage. This place was built in 1738. After capturing the Baroda state in 1734 from the badi Nawab, Damjirao Gaekwad went on to expand the boundaries of his state. In a period of early 18th century, the new Mughal viceroy of Gujarat momin khan rattled out ratan singh [who ties with previous viceroy while helping him to kill Damijirao's father] from the state and capture the Ahmedabad. The joint rule was established of Marathas and Mughal, which eventually collapsed, and then gaekwads with the help of marathas took over the control for 5-6 years, then recaputre by Mughals only to surrender thereafter. During the control, the Damjirao rebuilt the old Haveli to Citadel, which had conspired one large wall that enclosed the large area, which was divided into three parts. Currently, the haveliis HQ of the Crime Branch from the year 1968 in whichtge facade was restored in the year 2014 and the watch tower was converted to the police musem.
Adv. Sanju Nakhva

Adv. Sanju Nakhva

hotel
Find your stay

Affordable Hotels in Gujarat

Find a cozy hotel nearby and make it a full experience.

Get the Appoverlay
Get the AppOne tap to find yournext favorite spots!
As per my knowledge, it was a royal living area on the bank of Sabarmati river. Now converted in to police living quarters. Area is covered by historical wall.Gaekwad Haveli is a historical haveli building in Ahmedabad. It was built in 1738. It was used as a seat of Gaekwad during Maratha rule in Ahmedabad. It was later converted into baracks and arsenal under British rule. Later it was used as railway depot and police crime branch headquarters. It was restored in 2014.
D P

D P

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Find your stay

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Find a cozy hotel nearby and make it a full experience.

hotel
Find your stay

Trending Stays Worth the Hype in Gujarat

Find a cozy hotel nearby and make it a full experience.

Gaekwad Haweli in Ahmedabad was built in the 17th century. It was the seat of Gaekwad during the Maratha rule. Later it was used by the British as barracks. Now it is used by the police. The walls of the haveli are still intact and a road runs parallel to it. Certain parts of the haveli are inhabited, as the locals have made it their home. There is no entry fee nor timings to enter the fort.
Fathima Sajid

Fathima Sajid

See more posts
See more posts

Reviews of Gaekwad Haveli

4.2
(913)
avatar
4.0
1y

The Gaekwad Haveli is a part of the walled city of Ahmedabad. It is located in the south western part of the old city, and the Sabarmati river runs along its western side. It has a rich layering of history, which is, even today, evident in the architecture we see within and around the Haveli. Archival information also shows that it is a potentially high archaeological region, creating scope for the people of Ahmedabad to engage with their diverse heritage. This place was built in 1738. After capturing the Baroda state in 1734 from the badi Nawab, Damjirao Gaekwad went on to expand the boundaries of his state. In a period of early 18th century, the new Mughal viceroy of Gujarat momin khan rattled out ratan singh [who ties with previous viceroy while helping him to kill Damijirao's father] from the state and capture the Ahmedabad. The joint rule was established of Marathas and Mughal, which eventually collapsed, and then gaekwads with the help of marathas took over the control for 5-6 years, then recaputre by Mughals only to surrender thereafter. During the control, the Damjirao rebuilt the old Haveli to Citadel, which had conspired one large wall that enclosed the large area, which was divided into three parts. Currently, the haveliis HQ of the Crime Branch from the year 1968 in whichtge facade was restored in the year 2014 and the watch tower was converted to the...

ย ย ย Read more
avatar
5.0
4y

The Gaekwad Haveli was built in 1738 under joint rule of Mughalย subedarย Momin Khan andย Peshwas. In 1753 the armies of Gaekwads and Peshwasย defeated Mughals and started ruling the city. It was recaptured by Momin Khan but after the blockade of a year he surrendered the city. Later Peshwas agreed to give the city to Gaekwads. The British East India Company took the control of the city in 1817 and the haveli was used as barracks The haveli was later turned into the police crime branch headquarters of Ahmedabad in 1969. During the time of the gaekwads Aba Shelukarย who was appointed as the subedar was very cunning and captured the haveli.Then the geakwards sent their army and recaptured the haveli and banished him in pune.From this the Quote in Gujarati "Haath Ma Dando, Bagal Ma Moi, Haveli Leta Gujarat Khoi" Meaning Grabing a stick in hand and a moi(a weapon ) in the armpit, trying to take the Haveli, he...

ย ย ย Read more
avatar
5.0
2y

เช—เชพเชฏเช•เชตเชพเชก เชนเชตเซ‡เชฒเซ€ 1738 เชฎเชพเช‚ เชธเชพเชฌเชฐเชฎเชคเซ€ เชจเชฆเซ€เชจเชพ เช•เชพเช‚เช เซ‡ เชฌเชจเชพเชตเชตเชพเชฎเชพเช‚ เช†เชตเซ€ เชนเชคเซ€ เชœเซเชฏเชพเชฐเซ‡ เชถเชนเซ‡เชฐ เชฎเซเช˜เชฒ เชธเซเชฌเซ‡เชฆเชพเชฐ เชฎเซ‹เชฎเชฟเชจ เช–เชพเชจ เช…เชจเซ‡ เชชเซ‡เชถเซเชตเชพเช“เชจเชพ เชธเช‚เชฏเซเช•เซเชค เชถเชพเชธเชจ เชนเซ‡เช เชณ เชนเชคเซเช‚. 1753 เชฎเชพเช‚, เชฆเชพเชฎเชพเชœเซ€ เช—เชพเชฏเช•เชตเชพเชก เช…เชจเซ‡ เชชเซ‡เชถเซเชตเชพ เชฐเช˜เซเชจเชพเชฅ เชฐเชพเชตเชจเซ€ เชธเช‚เชฏเซเช•เซเชค เชธเซ‡เชจเชพเช เชฎเซเช˜เชฒเซ‹เชจเซ‡ เชนเชฐเชพเชตเซเชฏเชพ เช…เชจเซ‡ เชถเชนเซ‡เชฐ เชชเชฐ เชธเช‚เชฏเซเช•เซเชค เชฐเซ€เชคเซ‡ เชถเชพเชธเชจ เช•เชฐเชตเชพเชจเซเช‚ เชถเชฐเซ‚ เช•เชฐเซเชฏเซเช‚. 1756 เชฎเชพเช‚ เชฎเซ‹เชฎเชฟเชจ เช–เชพเชจเซ‡ เชคเซ‡ เชซเชฐเซ€เชฅเซ€ เช•เชฌเชœเซ‡ เช•เชฐเซเชฏเซเช‚ เชนเชคเซเช‚ เชชเชฐเช‚เชคเซ เชœเชพเชจเซเชฏเซเช†เชฐเซ€ 1757 เชฅเซ€ เชซเซ‡เชฌเซเชฐเซเช†เชฐเซ€ 1758 เชธเซเชงเซ€เชจเชพ เชเช• เชตเชฐเซเชทเชจเชพ เชจเชพเช•เชพเชฌเช‚เชงเซ€ เชชเช›เซ€, เชคเซ‡เชฃเซ‡ เชถเชนเซ‡เชฐเชจเซ‡ เช†เชคเซเชฎเชธเชฎเชฐเซเชชเชฃ เช•เชฐเซเชฏเซเช‚. เชถเชนเซ‡เชฐเชจเซ€ เช†เชตเช• เชชเซ‡เชถเซเชตเชพ เช…เชจเซ‡ เช—เชพเชฏเช•เชตเชพเชก เชตเชšเซเชšเซ‡ เชธเชฎเชพเชจ เชฐเซ€เชคเซ‡ เชตเชนเซ‡เช‚เชšเชพเชฏเซ‡เชฒเซ€ เชนเชคเซ€ เชชเชฐเช‚เชคเซ เชถเชนเซ‡เชฐเชจเชพ เช…เช—เชฟเชฏเชพเชฐ เชฆเชฐเชตเชพเชœเชพเช“เชจเซเช‚ เชจเชฟเชฏเช‚เชคเซเชฐเชฃ เชชเซ‡เชถเซเชตเชพ เชนเซ‡เช เชณ เชนเชคเซเช‚. เช—เชพเชฏเช•เชตเชพเชกเชจเชพ เชจเชฟเชฏเช‚เชคเซเชฐเชฃ เชนเซ‡เช เชณเชจเซ‹ เชเช•เชฎเชพเชคเซเชฐ เชฆเชฐเชตเชพเชœเซ‹ เชœเชฎเชพเชฒเชชเซเชฐ เชฆเชฐเชตเชพเชœเซ‹ เชนเชคเซ‹. เช† เชฆเชฐเชตเชพเชœเชพ เชชเชพเชธเซ‡เชจเซ€ เชนเชตเซ‡เชฒเซ€ เชฆเชพเชฎเชพเชœเซ€ เช—เชพเชฏเช•เชตเชพเชกเชจเชพ เชจเชฟเชฏเช‚เชคเซเชฐเชฃเชฎเชพเช‚ เช†เชตเซ€ เช—เชˆ เชนเชคเซ€. เชคเซ‡เชฃเซ‡ เชนเชตเซ‡เชฒเซ€ เชธเซเชงเชพเชฐเซ€ เชคเซ‡เชจเซ‡ เชฐเชพเชœเช—เชข เชฌเชจเชพเชตเซเชฏเซ‹. เชญเชพเชฐเซ‡ เชฆเชฐเชตเชพเชœเชพเช“ เชธเชพเชฅเซ‡ เช…เชจเชฟเชฏเชฎเชฟเชค เชฐเซ€เชคเซ‡ เชฌเชพเช‚เชงเชตเชพเชฎเชพเช‚ เช†เชตเซ‡เชฒเซ€ เชฆเชฟเชตเชพเชฒ, เชคเซเชฐเชฃ เชญเชพเช—เซ‹เชฎเชพเช‚ เชตเชฟเชญเชพเชœเชฟเชค เชตเชฟเชถเชพเชณ เชตเชฟเชธเซเชคเชพเชฐเชจเซ‡ เช˜เซ‡เชฐเซ€ เชฒเซ‡ เช›เซ‡, เชœเซ‡ เช‰เชคเซเชคเชฐเชฎเชพเช‚ เชฎเซ‚เชณ เชฐเซ€เชคเซ‡ เชชเชฐเซเชถเชฟเชฏเชจ เชตเซเชนเซ€เชฒ เชฆเซเชตเชพเชฐเชพ เชชเชพเชฃเซ€เชฏเซเช•เซเชค เชฌเช—เซ€เชšเซ‹ เชนเชคเซ‹; เช•เซ‡เชจเซเชฆเซเชฐ เช…เชจเซ‡ เช†เช‚เชคเชฐเชฟเช• เชญเชพเช—, เชถเชนเซ‡เชฐเชจเซ€ เชฆเชฟเชตเชพเชฒ เชชเชฐ เช†เชฐเชพเชฎ เช•เชฐเซ‡ เช›เซ‡, เชคเซ‡ เชฐเชพเชœเช—เชข เชนเชคเซ‹; เช•เซ‡เชธเซ‹เชฌเชพ เชชเช‚เชกเชฟเชค เชฆเซเชตเชพเชฐเชพ 1814เชฎเชพเช‚ เชฆเช•เซเชทเชฟเชฃเชจเซ‹ เชญเชพเช— เช‰เชฎเซ‡เชฐเชตเชพเชฎเชพเช‚ เช†เชตเซเชฏเซ‹ เชนเชคเซ‹. เชฌเชพเชœเซ€เชฐเชพเชต II เชฆเซเชตเชพเชฐเชพ เชฎเชนเซ‡เชธเซ‚เชฒ เชตเซเชฏเชตเชธเซเชฅเชพเชชเชจ เชฎเชพเชŸเซ‡ เชถเชนเซ‡เชฐเชจเชพ เชชเซ‡เชถเซเชตเชพ เชจเชฟเชฏเช‚เชคเซเชฐเชฟเชค เชตเชฟเชธเซเชคเชพเชฐเซ‹เชจเชพ เชธเชฐเชธเซเชฌเชพ เชคเชฐเซ€เช•เซ‡ เช†เชฌเชพ เชถเซ‡เชฒเซเช•เชฐเชจเซ€ เชจเชฟเชฎเชฃเซ‚เช• เช•เชฐเชตเชพเชฎเชพเช‚ เช†เชตเซ€ เชนเชคเซ€. เชคเซ‡เชฃเซ‡ เชชเซˆเชธเชพ เชชเชกเชพเชตเชตเชพ เชฎเชพเชŸเซ‡ เชจเชพเช—เชฐเชฟเช•เซ‹ เชชเชฐ เช…เชคเซเชฏเชพเชšเชพเชฐ เช•เชฐเซเชฏเซ‹ เช…เชจเซ‡ เช•เซเช–เซเชฏเชพเชค เชฌเชจเซเชฏเซ‹. เชคเซ‡เชฃเซ‡ เชชเซ‹เชคเชพเชจเซ€ เชฐเซ€เชคเซ‡ เชถเชนเซ‡เชฐเชจเซ‡ เชจเชฟเชฏเช‚เชคเซเชฐเชฟเชค เช•เชฐเชตเชพเชจเซ‹ เชชเซเชฐเชฏเชพเชธ เช•เชฐเซเชฏเซ‹ เช…เชจเซ‡ เช—เชพเชฏเช•เชตเชพเชก เชนเชตเซ‡เชฒเซ€ เชชเชฐ เช•เชฌเชœเซ‹ เช•เชฐเซเชฏเซ‹. เช—เชพเชฏเช•เชตเชพเชกเซ‡ เชธเซˆเชจเซเชฏเชจเซ‡ เชถเชนเซ‡เชฐเชฎเชพเช‚ เชฎเซ‹เช•เชฒเซเชฏเซเช‚ เชœเซ‡เชฃเซ‡ เชญเชฆเซเชฐเชจเซ‹ เช•เชฟเชฒเซเชฒเซ‹ เช•เชฌเชœเซ‡ เช•เชฐเซเชฏเซ‹ เช…เชจเซ‡ เชชเซ‡เชถเชตเชพเช“เช 1799เชฎเชพเช‚ เชคเซ‡เชฎเชจเซ€ เช…เชŸเช•เชพเชฏเชค เช•เชฐเซ€ เช…เชจเซ‡ เชคเซ‡เชฎเชจเซ‡ เชชเซเชฃเซ‡ เชชเชพเช›เชพ เชฎเซ‹เช•เชฒเชตเชพเชฎเชพเช‚ เช†เชตเซเชฏเชพ เช…เชจเซ‡ เชคเซ‡เชฎเชจเซ‡ เชธเชพเชค เชตเชฐเซเชทเชจเซ€ เชœเซ‡เชฒ เชฅเชˆ. เช—เซเชœเชฐเชพเชคเซ€ เชญเชพเชทเชพเชฎเชพเช‚ เชนเชพเชฅ เชฎเชพ เชฆเช‚เชกเซ‹, เชฌเช—เชฒ เชฎเชพ เชฎเซ‹เชˆ, เชนเชตเซ‡เชฒเซ€ เชฒเซ‡เชคเชพ เช—เซเชœเชฐเชพเชค เช–เซ‹เชˆ เช† เช˜เชŸเชจเชพ เชชเชฐ เช†เชงเชพเชฐเชฟเชค เช›เซ‡. เชถเชนเซ‡เชฐเชฎเชพเช‚ เชธเซ‡เชฒเซเช•เชฐเซ‹เชจเชพ เช…เชคเซเชฏเชพเชšเชพเชฐเซ‹ เช…เชจเซ‡ เชคเซ‡เชฎเชจเชพ เช•เชพเชฐเซเชฏเซ‹ เชตเชฟเชถเซ‡เชจเซ‹ เช—เชฐเชฌเชพ 'เชซเชพเชฐเซเชฌเชธ เช—เซเชœเชฐเชพเชคเซ€ เชธเชญเชพ' เชธเช‚เชธเซเชฅเชพ เชชเชพเชธเซ‡ เช—เซเชœเชฐเชพเชคเซ€ เชนเชธเซเชคเชชเซเชฐเชคเชฎเชพเช‚ เชธเชšเชตเชพเชฏเซ‡เชฒเซ‹ เช›เซ‡.

เชชเชพเช›เชณเชฅเซ€ เชชเซ‡เชถเชตเชพเช“เช เช—เชพเชฏเช•เชตเชพเชกเชจเซ‡ เชถเชนเซ‡เชฐ เชญเชพเชกเซ‡ เช†เชชเชตเชพ เชธเช‚เชฎเชค เชฅเชฏเชพ. เชฌเซเชฐเชฟเชŸเชฟเชถ เชˆเชธเซเชŸ เชˆเชจเซเชกเชฟเชฏเชพ เช•เช‚เชชเชจเซ€เช 1817เชฎเชพเช‚ เชถเชนเซ‡เชฐ เชชเชฐ เช•เชฌเชœเซ‹ เชœเชฎเชพเชตเซเชฏเซ‹ เช…เชจเซ‡ เชนเชตเซ‡เชฒเซ€เชจเซ‹ เช‰เชชเชฏเซ‹เช— 1824 เชธเซเชงเซ€ เช—เซ‡เชฐเชฟเชธเชจ เชฎเชพเชŸเซ‡ เชฌเซ‡เชฐเซ‡เช• เชคเชฐเซ€เช•เซ‡ เช•เชฐเชตเชพเชฎเชพเช‚ เช†เชตเชคเซ‹ เชนเชคเซ‹. เชฌเชพเชฆเชฎเชพเช‚ เชคเซ‡ 1833เชฎเชพเช‚ เช†เชฐเซเชฎเซ€เชจเชพ เช‰เชคเซเชคเชฐเซ€เชฏ เชตเชฟเชญเชพเช— เชฎเชพเชŸเซ‡ เชถเชธเซเชคเซเชฐเชพเช—เชพเชฐเชฎเชพเช‚ เชซเซ‡เชฐเชตเชพเชˆ เช—เชˆ เชนเชคเซ€. เชตเชšเซเชšเซ‡ เชฐเซ‡เชฒเชตเซ‡ เช–เซเชฒเซเชฏเชพ เชฌเชพเชฆ เช…เชฎเชฆเชพเชตเชพเชฆ เช…เชจเซ‡ เชฌเซ‹เชฎเซเชฌเซ‡ เชคเซ‡เชจเซ‡ 1863เชฎเชพเช‚ เช“เชฐเซเชกเชจเชจเซเชธ เชกเซ‡เชชเซ‹เชฎเชพเช‚ เช˜เชŸเชพเชกเซ€ เชฆเซ‡เชตเชพเชฎเชพเช‚ เช†เชตเซเชฏเซ‹ เชนเชคเซ‹. เชนเชตเซ‡เชฒเซ€เชจเซ‡ เชฌเชพเชฆเชฎเชพเช‚ 1969เชฎเชพเช‚ เช…เชฎเชฆเชพเชตเชพเชฆเชจเชพ เชชเซ‹เชฒเซ€เชธ เช•เซเชฐเชพเชˆเชฎ เชฌเซเชฐเชพเชจเซเชšเชจเชพ เชนเซ‡เชกเช•เซเชตเชพเชฐเซเชŸเชฐเชฎเชพเช‚ เชซเซ‡เชฐเชตเชตเชพเชฎเชพเช‚...

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