Mosque of Omar ibn Al-Khattab (2nd Caliph of Islam) — Attraction in Jerusalem

The promises made by the second Islamic Caliph, Umar, to the Christians living in Jerusalem, Palestine, during his reign, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

In the Name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

The Pact of Umar

This is what Abdullah: Umar, Commander of the Faithful, has given to the people of Aelia in terms of security. He has given them security for themselves, their motherland, their churches, their monasteries, their cemeteries, their sanctuaries, and all their religion. Their churches shall not be inhabited, nor shall they be advanced, nor shall anything be taken from them, nor from their territory, nor from their bloodlines, nor from anything of the name of the Aelia, nor shall they be forced to change their religion, nor shall any of them be harmed, nor shall any of the Jews reside with them in Aelia

The people of Aelia must pay the jizya as the people of Madain do, and they must expel the Romans and the thieves from it. Whoever of them leaves is safe for himself and his property until they reach their destination, and whoever of them stays is safe and owes the same jizya as the people of Aelia. Whoever of the people of Aelia wishes to go with the Romans and abandon their trade and their pursuit until they reach their destination. Whoever of the people of the land is there, whoever of them wishes to stay, and owes the same jizya as the people of Aelia. Whoever wishes to go with the Romans, and whoever wishes to return to his family, he shall not take anything from them until he has harvested their fast.

And upon what is in this book is the covenant of God, the pledge of His Messenger, the pledge of the caliphs, and the pledge of the believers if they pay the jizya that is due from them.

Written by 15 of it

Witness to that

Khalid ibn al-Walid and Amr ibn al-Alam

Ma'bad al-Rahman ibn Awf and Mu'awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan

Umar...

According to later documents, after the Siege of Jerusalem in 637 by the Rashidun armyunder the command of Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah, Patriarch  Sophronius refused to surrender except to the Caliph Omar (579-644) himself. Omar travelled to Jerusalem and accepted the surrender. He then visited the Church of the Resurrection (today better known as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre) where Sophronius invited him to pray inside the church, but Omar declined so as not to set a precedent and thereby endanger the church's status as a Christian site. Instead he prayed outside, on the steps east of the church, in a place where  David was believed to have prayed.The first Mosque of Omar was later built at that site, as evidenced by a stone plate with a Kufic inscription found in 1897 in the area of the eastern or outer atrium of the   Constantinian (4th-century) Church of the Resurrection, defining this...

A very simple mosque, one of the two mosques flanking to Church if the Holy Sepulchre. It’s long history is much more impressive than the physical presence of the building. To be totally honest, I was not clear which of the two mosques was the location where Caliph Omar prayed with the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem after the conquest in 638 AD......The north one of the south one ?! 🙀🙀🙀. The minaret has been rebuilt by the Ottoman, but the rest is original,...