The Duomo di Napoli, also known as the Cathedral of Naples or Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta, is one of the most important religious and historical landmarks in Naples, Italy. It serves as the main church of the city and the seat of the Archbishop of Naples. The cathedral is famous for its stunning architecture, rich history, and the annual Miracle of the Blood of San Gennaro.

History • Foundation: The cathedral was commissioned in the late 13th century by King Charles I of Anjou and completed in the early 14th century. It was built on the site of earlier churches, some of which date back to Roman and early Christian times. • Dedicated to San Gennaro: The Duomo is dedicated to Naples’ patron saint, San Gennaro (Saint Januarius), whose relics and blood are preserved here. • Renovations: Over the centuries, the cathedral has undergone numerous renovations, blending Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, and Neo-Gothic styles.

Key Features

1. Façade: • The current Neo-Gothic façade was completed in the late 19th century, with three large portals and ornate sculptures. • The central portal, richly decorated, highlights the majesty of the structure.
2. Interior: • The interior is a mix of Gothic and Baroque styles, with a Latin cross plan and three naves supported by large columns. • It houses several chapels, each richly adorned with paintings, sculptures, and relics.
3. Chapel of San Gennaro (Cappella del Tesoro): • One of the most significant parts of the Duomo, this Baroque masterpiece (built in the 17th century) is home to the relics of San Gennaro. • The chapel contains an extraordinary collection of art, including works by Domenichino and Lanfranco. • It also holds the ampoules of San Gennaro’s blood, central to the famous miracle.
4. The Miracle of San Gennaro: • This ritual occurs three times a year: on the first Saturday of May, September 19th (San Gennaro’s feast day), and December 16th. • The faithful gather to witness the liquefaction of the saint’s dried blood, believed to signal good fortune for Naples. If the blood does not liquefy, it is seen as an ominous sign.
5. Basilica of Santa Restituta: • An ancient paleochristian basilica incorporated into the cathedral, it dates back to the 4th century. • The basilica is home to beautiful mosaics and is considered one of the oldest Christian sites in Naples.
6. Archaeological Site: • Beneath the cathedral lies an archaeological site with remains of Greek, Roman, and early Christian structures, offering a glimpse into the ancient history of Naples.
7. Crypt of San Gennaro: • Located under the main altar, the crypt is another significant site that houses the tomb of San Gennaro.

Significance • The Duomo is not only a religious center but also a cultural and historical symbol of Naples. • The Miracle of San Gennaro reflects the deep connection between the city’s residents and their patron saint, highlighting Naples’ unique blend of faith and tradition. • Architecturally, the cathedral represents the evolution of styles over centuries, showcasing Naples’ rich artistic heritage.

Visiting Information • Location: The cathedral is located in the heart of Naples on Via Duomo, near Spaccanapoli and other historical sites. • Hours: Open daily, with specific hours for the cathedral, crypt, and archaeological area. • Tickets: Entry to the main cathedral is free, but there may be a small fee for access to the crypt, chapel, and archaeological areas.

The Duomo di Napoli is a must-visit for anyone exploring Naples, offering a profound experience of faith, art, and history.