The Shah-i-Zinda Ensemble is a collection of mausoleums and sacred buildings dating back to the 11th through 15th centuries, with some additions in the 19th century. Its name, “Shah-i-Zinda,” meaning “The living king,” is linked to the legend of Qutham ibn Abbas, a cousin of Prophet Muhammad, believed to be interred here. Qutham ibn Abbas arrived in Samarkand during the 7th century Arab invasion to spread the teachings of Islam.

The ensemble, evolving over eight centuries, now encompasses more than twenty structures. It comprises three sections—lower, middle, and upper—connected by four-arched domed passages known as chartak. The earliest buildings date to the 11th and 12th centuries, with most dating from the 14th and 15th centuries. While later reconstructions from the 16th to 19th centuries occurred, they didn’t alter the fundamental layout or appearance significantly.

The primary structure, the Kusam-ibn-Abbas complex, lies in the northeast part and includes the Kusam-ibn-Abbas mausoleum and mosque, dating to the 16th century. The upper group comprises three mausoleums facing each other, including the Khodja-Akhmad Mausoleum (1340s) and the Mausoleum of 1361.

The middle group features mausoleums from the late 14th to early 15th centuries, associated with Timur’s relatives and aristocracy. Notable structures include the Turkan Ago Mausoleum and the Mausoleum of Shirin Bika Aga.

Among the lower group buildings is the double-cupola mausoleum dedicated to Kazi Zade Rumi, a scientist and astronomer. Constructed by Ulugh Beg in 1434 to 1435, it stands out for its proportional design. The ensemble’s main entrance gate, known as Darvazakhana, faces south and was erected under Ulugh Beg in 1434 to 1435.

The Shah-i-Zinda Ensemble stands as a testament to centuries of architectural and cultural evolution, reflecting the religious and historical significance of the region.