Topkhaneh Square, a rectangular plaza measuring approximately 110 meters in width and 220 meters in length, adheres to the proportions favored during the Renaissance and Baroque periods.

The construction of Topkhaneh Square was initiated under the direction of Mirza Taqi Khan Amirkabir on a rectangular plot located in the northern section of the old Topkhaneh Square, now known as Citadel Square. Prior to this development, the area had been designated for the placement of cannons and gunners since the era of Fath Ali Shah. The square was designed by the architect Mohammad Ibrahim Khan Azarbaijani, who was the uncle of Kamran Mirza.

The construction process spanned a decade, culminating in its completion in 1294, as ordered by Mohammad Hassan Etimadul Sultaneh. Notably, Topkhaneh Square is recognized as one of the first paved passages in Tehran, marking a significant development in the city's urban landscape.