Mohammed Rakhim Khan Madrassah — Attraction in Khiva

Muhammad Rahimxon Madrasah.

Located near the east side of Khiva’s Itchan Kala, the Muhammad Rahimxon Madrasah stands as one of the city’s most impressive and culturally significant educational institutions. Built in 1876 by Muhammad Rahim Khan II, a ruler known for his patronage of the arts and literature, the madrasah reflects the final flourishing of Islamic architecture during the Khanate period.

The building is notable for its grand size and elegant symmetry, featuring a wide entrance portal (pishtaq), two-story arched façades, and intricate tilework in blue and white. Its layout includes over 70 hujras (student cells), lecture rooms, and a spacious courtyard — once filled with the daily rhythm of religious and scholarly life.

Muhammad Rahim Khan himself was a poet, reformer, and progressive ruler, who encouraged learning, translation of scientific texts, and the promotion of Turkic literature. His madrasah became a hub of intellectual life in late 19th-century Khiva, continuing the legacy of traditional Islamic education while engaging with new ideas.

Today, the madrasah remains one of Khiva’s most visited monuments, hosting cultural exhibitions and attracting visitors with its refined beauty. It stands not only as an architectural masterpiece but as a reminder of a ruler who believed in knowledge, identity, and...

Ko‘hna ark darvozasi qarshisidagi madrasa Sayid Muhammad Rahimxon II ning farmoniga binoan 1871-1876 yillarda qurilgan. Madrasa o‘zining kengligi, serviqorligi bilan boshqa madrasalardan ajralib turadi.

Madrasada yozgi va qishgi masjid, darsxona, kitobxona va hujralar bor. Madrasaning hovlisi 76 ta bir qavatli hujra bilan o‘ralgan bo‘lib 152 talabaga mo‘ljallangan.

Hujralar tomi tashqi tomondan to‘siq devor (parapet) bilan chegaralangan va ikki qavatli bosh fasadga kelib tutashadi. Xushqad peshtoqning ikki yonida besh ravoqli galereya bor. Darvozaxona atrofidagi xonalar to‘qqizta gumbazga ega. Binoning ichki plani boshqa madrasalar tuzilishidan farq qiladi. Devorlar yuzasidagi sirkor g‘ishtchalardan terilgan ornamentli bezaklar odatdagi shakllarni takrorlaydi. Kishida hovlining tuzilishi o‘zgacha taassurot qoldiradi. Hovlining bir qavatli hujralari qatori baland dekorativ peshtoqlar tashqi to‘siq devor va burchaklardagi chiroyli minoracha-guldastalar bilan birgalikda ajoyib manzara kasb etadi.

Madrasaning vaqfi (madrasa faoliyatini ta’minlaydigan daromad manbai) uchun xon 2941 tanob (2,5 tanob - 1 gektar) er ajratgan. Chiroyli koshinlar bilan bezatilgan madrasaning ochilish tantanasida zamonaning fuzalo va shuarolari ta’rixlar va qasidalar aytib xondan in’omlar olganlar. Xon o‘z ayonlari, qarindoshlari, qurilishda ishlagan usta va hunarmandlarga hadya qilgan xarajatlardan tashqari bu to‘yda 118 tillo sochilgan.

Madrasaning peshtoqiga arab tilida shunday yozuvlar bitilgan: Ushbu muborak binoni zamon sultoni va dunyo hoqoni, Ollohning xalifasi va soyasi, g‘alabalar va shuhratlar egasi, engilmas qudrat sohibi, mamlakatlarni fath qiluvchi Sayyid Muhammad Rahim Bahodirxon bunyod qildirgan. sana 1289. (1872 y)

Mustaqilligimizning ilk yillarida, ya’ni 1994 yilda madrasa qayta ta’mirlanib, shu yilning sentyabr oyida bo‘lib o‘tgan Muhammad Rahimxon II “Feruz”ning 150 yillik to‘yiga to‘yona qilib madrasaning hovlisiga chiquvchi dahlizlari, o‘quv xonasi va qishgi masjidida Xiva xonligi tarixi va madaniyatini ochib beruvchi “Xorazm adabiyoti va tarixi muzeyi” ochildi.

Biz muzeyga kirar ekanmiz ko‘z oldimizda XVI asr boshlarida tashkil topgan Xiva xonligi va unga qo‘shni bo‘lgan Eron va Buxoro xonligi hududida yashovchi xalqlarning tarixi, madaniyati va san’ati gavdalanadi. Biz yana XVI asr oxiri va XVII asr boshlarida Xorazmda markazlashgan davlatning tashkil topishi, hamda uning ichki va tashqi siyosati Markaziy Osiyo xalqlariga ta’sirini ko‘rishimiz mumkin.

Bo‘limda XIX asrning ikkinchi yarmida Chor Rossiyasi o‘zining sanoat xom ashyosiga bo‘lgan talablarini qondirish maqsadida “Sharqqa yurish” qilib Markaziy Osiyo davlatlarini, jumladan 1873 yilda Xiva xonligini egallab olishi va o‘lkamizdan nodir osori atiqalarni, davlatning va xalqning boyliklarini olib ketilishi, bularning o‘rnini to‘ldirish maqsadida Markaziy Osiyoda birinchilardan bo‘lib Muhammad Rahimxon II tashabbusi bilan tashkil qilingan va ommalashtirilgan “Markaziy Osiyodagi ilk toshbosma”, O‘zbek foto va kino san’ati qaldirg‘ochi Xudoybergan Devonov merosi, Markaziy Osiyoda ilk bor notaga asos solgan hassos shoir va musiqachi Komil Xorazmiyning “Tanbur chizig‘i” asarini ko‘rsatib beruvchi buyumlar va Pahlavon Mahmud, Abulg‘ozi Bahodirxon, Muhammad Rahimxon Feruz, Munis va Ogahiy singari buyuk mutafakkir, shoirlar va xalq e’zozlagan kishilar hayoti bilan tanishishimiz mumkin.

Qisqasi, muzeyda siz Xiva xonligining davlat ramzlari-bayroq, tangalar va oxirgi hukmdor xonlarning asl nusxa foto-suratlari, xorijdan keltirilgan savdo buyumlari, Xitoy va rus chinnisi, mahalliy hunarmand ustalarning mahsulotlari, qurol-aslaha, kiyim-kechak kabi ko‘plab nodir buyumlarni tomosha...

This is another part of the Naqshbandi Memorial Complex, is a remarkable historical site located opposite the Kunya Ark citadel. Now the madrassah serves as a museum of the history of the Khiva Khanate and highlights Mohammed Rahim Khan II, who ordered its construction. The museum is very interesting with exhibilts giving a good idea of life within where students and scholars...