Piazza del Plebiscito is the most iconic and expansive square in Naples, located in the heart of the city near the Gulf of Naples. It is renowned for its monumental architecture, historical significance, and cultural role in Naples’ identity. The piazza serves as a symbol of the city’s grandeur and is a focal point for both locals and tourists.

History

1. Origins: • The square dates back to the early 19th century when it was designed as part of an urban redevelopment project initiated by Joachim Murat, Napoleon’s brother-in-law and the King of Naples. • Originally intended as a tribute to Napoleon, it was later transformed into its current form during the Bourbon restoration under Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies.
2. Name: • The name “Plebiscito” commemorates the plebiscite of 1860, when Naples voted to join the newly unified Kingdom of Italy under King Victor Emmanuel II.

Key Features

1. Basilica of San Francesco di Paola: • Located on the western side of the piazza, this grand church dominates the square with its Neoclassical architecture. • Its design, inspired by the Pantheon in Rome, features a massive dome, a portico with Ionic columns, and statues of Saint Francis of Paola and Saint Ferdinand. • The church was commissioned by Ferdinand I as a symbol of gratitude to Saint Francis of Paola for the restoration of Bourbon rule.
2. Royal Palace of Naples (Palazzo Reale): • Opposite the basilica, on the eastern side of the square, is the Royal Palace, a stunning example of 17th-century architecture designed by Domenico Fontana. • The palace served as the residence of Spanish, Bourbon, and later Italian royalty. It now houses the National Library of Naples and a museum.
3. Equestrian Statues: • Two large bronze equestrian statues, sculpted by Antonio Canova, are located near the center of the piazza. • One depicts Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, and the other portrays his father, Charles III of Spain.
4. Vast Open Space: • The piazza’s open expanse, free of traffic, makes it a favorite spot for public gatherings, concerts, and festivals. It is one of the largest squares in Italy, covering approximately 25,000 square meters.

Cultural and Historical Significance • Symbol of Naples: Piazza del Plebiscito represents the city’s rich history, from the Bourbon era to Italian unification. • Modern Use: The square hosts major events, such as New Year’s Eve celebrations, concerts, art installations, and exhibitions. • Legend of the Columns: A popular legend invites visitors to try walking between the two statues in the center of the piazza with their eyes closed. It is said to be nearly impossible, adding a playful element to the site.

Location and Surroundings • Nearby Landmarks: • Teatro di San Carlo: The oldest working opera house in the world. • Galleria Umberto I: A magnificent 19th-century shopping arcade. • Via Toledo: One of Naples’ main shopping streets. • The Waterfront: The piazza is just a short walk from the beautiful seaside promenade.

Visiting Tips • Best Time to Visit: The square is especially atmospheric during sunrise or sunset, and it becomes lively during festivals or special events. • Accessibility: It is a pedestrian-only zone, making it a relaxing place to walk and explore.

Why Visit Piazza del Plebiscito?

Piazza del Plebiscito is more than just a square; it is a testament to Naples’ history, architecture, and vibrant culture. Its monumental landmarks, wide-open space, and breathtaking views make it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the city.