Carfax Tower is an iconic landmark located in the heart of Oxford, England. It stands at the intersection of the city's main streets: Cornmarket Street, Queen Street, High Street, and St Aldate's. The tower is all that remains of the 13th-century St Martin's Church, which was the official city church of Oxford.

Key Points in the History of Carfax Tower:

1. Origins and St Martin's Church: Carfax Tower was originally part of St Martin's Church, which was built in the 12th century. The church served as the official city church of Oxford, playing a central role in the civic and religious life of the city. The term "Carfax" is derived from the French "carrefour," meaning a crossroads, reflecting the tower's position at the meeting point of Oxford's main streets.

2. Medieval Significance: During the medieval period, St Martin's Church was one of the most important churches in Oxford. It hosted numerous significant events, and its tower was a prominent feature of the city skyline. The church's bell, housed in the tower, was used to signal curfew in the city.

3. Demolition of the Church: In the late 19th century, much of St Martin's Church was demolished as part of urban redevelopment efforts. However, the tower was preserved due to its historical significance. The church was considered outdated and obstructive to the city's traffic, leading to its removal, but the tower was retained as a historic monument.

4. Modern Use and Preservation: Today, Carfax Tower is a popular tourist attraction. Visitors can climb the 99 steps to the top of the tower for panoramic views of Oxford. The tower stands at 74 feet (23 meters) tall, and its clock and bells are still functional. The clock mechanism was updated in the 19th century, and the bells continue to ring every quarter-hour.

5. Symbol of Oxford: Carfax Tower remains one of Oxford's most recognizable landmarks, symbolizing the city's rich history and architectural heritage. It is often used as a reference point within the city, and its central location makes it a hub for both locals and visitors.

The tower's enduring presence and its role in the history of Oxford make it a significant historical and cultural monument in the city.