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The original church was built with an adjoining Basilian monastery, in the 8th century by the Popes Paul I and Stephen III, atop ruins of a pagan temple dedicated to Sol Invictus, to house venerated relics of early Christian saints who were buried in the catacombs.The church was rebuilt and the campanile with Romanesque arcades added in 1198 during the papacy of Innocent III, who transferred the relic of the head of St. John the Baptist to it and the name was changed to St. John in Capitol. In the 13th century the church was donated to the Poor Clares. It was rebuilt by the architects Francesco Capriani da Volterra and Carlo Maderno during 1591–1601, and subsequently restored in 1681.The relics of Pope Sylvester I, Pope Stephen I and Pope Dionysius were exhumed and re-enshrined beneath the high altar when the new church was consecrated in 1601. The church also contains the relics of Tarcisius.The church of San Silvestro was granted to the English Catholics by Pope Leo XIII in 1890, and is now served by Irish Pallottine Fathers. Mass is thus regularly celebrated in the English language. The church is the National Church in Rome of Great Britain, although the structures of the Catholic Church continue to be organized separately for England and Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The Scottish national church in Rome, Sant'Andrea degli Scozzesi, was deconsecrated in 1962. The church has an atrium and narthex, which isolates the church from the busy square outside. There are fragments of early Christian sculpture, many with inscriptions, embedded in the walls of the atrium.The facade was completed in 1703. It has an unusual giant order topped with four baroque statues: San Silvestro by Lorenzo Ouone, Saint Stephen by Michelangelo Borgognone, Saint Clare by Giuseppe Mazzoni and Saint Francis by Vincenzo Felice.High Altar, commissioned in 1518 by Pier Soderini of Florence It is believed that the high altar, which predates the present church, was influenced by the style of Michelangelo. The interior is rich in marble, gilding, and artistic decoration. The nave has an Assumption with Saints frescoed (1680) by Giacinto Brandi. The main altar carved ciborium or canopy (1667) by Carlo Rainaldi. The cupola was frescoed (1605) by Cristoforo Roncalli. A Martyrdom of San Stephan I and a Messengers of Constantine call on San Silvestro (1610) were frescoed in the apse by Orazio Borgianni. In the baptistry apse, there is a Baptism of Constantine by Ludovico Gimignani. The transept has a History of San Silvestro (1690) also by Gimignani, and a Madonna with Child by Baccio Ciarpi.In the first chapel to the right is a Madonna with Child & Saint Anthony of Padua & Stephen I and other saints (1695) by Giuseppe Bartolomeo Chiari. In the second chapel is a Saint Francis receives stigmata (1610) by Orazio Gentileschi accompanied by paintings of the life of the saint by Luigi Garzi. In the third, a Pentecost by Giuseppe Ghezzi. The left transept has a Madonna & Child by Terenzio Terenzi. In the third chapel on the left is a fresco of the Immaculate Conception by Gimignani. On the walls are an Adoration by the Magi and Visitation by the Milanese il Morrazzone. In the second chapel is a Pope San Marcello has a vision of the Sacred Family and a Transit and Glory of San Giuseppe by Gimignani. In the first chapel are canvases of the Passion (1695) by...
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+JMJ...This Church is loved by myself for several reasons: (1) House of Worship and Prayer; (2) It houses art and statues that can only be found in this particular Church, and (3) this Church is the home Church for a lay apostolate called the Legion of Mary, of which I am a former active member, Richmond, VA. Whenever I was blessed to travel to Rome, I always visited this Church and attended the meeting held Sunday afternoon. The photos shared are during a February 2005 pilgrimage, which I made by myself. I found the Filippino citizens to be very welcoming (hope it is OK to post a photo of myself with them.) And, as they spoke English, that was very helpful for me. And, this community usually served their traditional Filippino foods and were always very happy and eager to share with me. I love these people! I love Rome! I pray God will grant me the huge blessing of being able to...
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La Chiesa di San Silvestro in Capite è ubicata nel Rione III (Colonna) in Piazza di San Silvestro in Roma.
La chiesa fu fondata nel VII secolo, sulle rovine di un antico Tempio del Dio Sole III secolo d.C. il nome le deriva poiché nel XII secolo vi fu portata la reliquia della testa di San giovanni Battista, nel XII secolo venne costruito il Campanile romanico, nel XIX secolo nel quadriportico venne posta una raccolta di antiche iscrizioni.
Il campanile romanico si presenta con una pianta quadrata, con paramento murario mattonato, su sette ordini delimitati da cornicioni marcapiano a denti di sega.
Il primo piano con finestre doppie monofore, il secondo con trifore a e gli altri cinque con doppie bifore mediante colonnine marmoree, con capitelli a stampella, su cui poggiano due doppi archetti a ghiera, Sono presenti anche alcuni elementi di ceramica policroma, sul tetto spiovente come elemento aggettante vi è un segnavento a forma di gallo.
L’originale medioevale è presente all’interno della chiesa, in una piccola cappellina.
La Facciata esterna (inizio XVIII secolo) si presenta su un unico ordine, tripartito mediante lesene binate con capitelli ionici. Nella fascia dell’architrave è presente la seguente iscrizione dedicatoria: DEO IN HON BEAT SILVESTRI ET STEPHANI P.P. DIC
Mentre sull’attico sono presenti quattro statue:
• San Francesco d'Assisi • San Silvestro Papa • Santo Stefano martire • Santa Chiara
Con al centro un monumentale portale incorniciato, sormontato da un frontone triangolare aperto, sormontato da un ornamentale ovale sorretto da due angioletti, con al centro il bassorilievo che rappresenta la testa di Cristo.
Entrando si accede ad un cortile è una sorta di museo lapidario, dove sono presenti alcune colonne dell’antico Tempio del Sole, un sarcofago utilizzato come vasca di una fontana, varie lapidi fra le quali una del 1119.
Procedendo si arriva alla facciata della Chiesa su due ordini, il primo presenta un portico con tre archi a tutto sesto mentre sul secondo vi sono tre finestre.
A coronamento è posto un semplice frontone triangolare.
INTERNO
L’interno si presenta con la pianta a navata unica, transetto e con abside semicircolare.
La volta a botte e tre cappelle per lato.
Il presbiterio e completamente occupato dall’abside completamente dipinta
La volta è affrescata con il dipinto “La Vergine Assunta in Gloria con i Santi Silvestro e Giovanni Battista”, del Pittore Giacinto Brandi (1680-1683).
In un piccolo ambiente posto sulla parete sinistra della navata, si trova il prezioso reliquiario in argento dorato che contiene la testa di Giovanni Battista (dalla quale deriva il nome...
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